Tuesday, May 20, 2014

Getting to Know Celiac Disease


Getting to Know Celiac Disease

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     Celiac Disease refers to a condition in which the affected individual is unable to consume gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, without an adverse autoimmune reaction. When an individual with celiac disease consumes any food item containing gluten, their immune system creates significant inflammation in their small intestine . This causes damage to the small hair-like projections along its lining, called villi, which are responsible for absorption of nutrients. As a result, this damage leads to the malabsorption of important nutrients the individual needs (Celiac Disease Foundation).

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This image shows a comparison between the small intestine lining of a healthy
individual without celiac disease (left), and the damaged small intestine lining of an 
individual affected with celiac disease (right).


     Celiac disease is estimated to affect 1 in 100 people in the world, and individuals with a direct relative (mother, father, sibling) have a 1 in 10 chance of developing it. Additionally, celiac disease can develop at any age after the consumption of gluten in certain foods or medicines (Celiac Disease Foundation). It is important that an individual seek treatment for his or her condition, because if left untreated, celiac disease can lead to the development of type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, infertility, intestinal cancer, anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis, and several neurological conditions including epilepsy and migraines. Additionally, a 1999 study found that the later the diagnosis of celiac disease, the more likely individuals were to develop another autoimmune disease (MayoClinic).
     However, currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a strict adherence to eating a completely gluten-absent diet. This means avoiding foods like bread and beer, which can be very difficult to do. Even the ingestion of small amounts of gluten, such as crumbs, can trigger the dangerous, detrimental immune response. Additionally, there is no cure for celiac disease (MayoClinic). 

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This image shows what the consumption of gluten-containing food and
drink can do to the lining of a healthy small intestine.


     There are over 300 known symptoms of celiac disease, and these include but are not limited to abdominal bloating/pain, constipation, chronic diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss, ADHD in children, short stature, behavioral issues in children, bone or joint pain, idiopathic iron-deficiency anemia, depression, seizures or migraines, infertility, or canker sores inside the mouth (University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center). Celiac disease is diagnosed after the individual has been screened with serologic (blood) tests that look for celiac disease antibodies (the most commonly used test is called a tTG-IgA test), and a biopsy of the small intestine has been performed. In the biopsy, physicians search for damage caused that is indicative of celiac disease. The diagnosis of celiac disease can also be confirmed if this damage is improved with the incorporation of a gluten-free diet (Celiac Central). 
     If you or a loved one think you may be experiencing the symptoms of celiac disease, it is important to see your doctor right away.

Celiac Disease: What Kids Have to Say 
This video is a compilation by Boston Children's Hospital of children
affected with celiac disease, and what they have to say about their
experience with it.
(Boston Children's Hospital)

Resources:
What is Celiac Disease? - Celiac Disease Foundation. (n.d.). Celiac Disease Foundation. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://celiac.org/celiac-disease/what-is-celiac-disease/

Symptoms. (n.d.). University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.cureceliacdisease.org/medical-professionals/guide/symptoms

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